Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease caused by the deposition of biofilm, the interaction of bacterial pathogens and the patient's inflammatory response and is manifested by the loss and destruction of periodontal tissue. Bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis stimulate inflammation and the immune response and link periodontitis to systemic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The risk for periodontitis is increased by smoking, diabetes, stress, obesity and hormonal fluctuations, while non-modifying factors include osteoporosis, hematological disorders and genetic and hormonal factors. Periodontal therapy is carried out in four steps and includes control of risk factors, removal of subgingival biofilm and calculus. If the periodontal tissue has not healed, it is necessary to repeat the therapy with the use of antibiotics or surgical procedures. After that, it is important to maintain periodontal health by following the guidelines of the European Federation for Periodontology. PCMs have been successfully used for decades in surgical procedures as part of third step of therapy. More recently, it is also used in the second step, as an addition to non-surgical periodontal therapy, to stimulate regeneration of periodontal tissues and thereby avoid invasive surgical procedures in the third step. Research results on the addition of PCM to non-surgical periodontal therapy testify to better clinical outcomes, but not always statistically significant. Therefore, further research is needed, especially related to long-term results of the therapy.