Root fractures are relatively rare, accounting for up to 7% of dental traumatic injuries. They are classified based on the direction into horizontal and vertical fractures, and based on location into apical, middle and cervical third root fractures. Diagnosis involves patient history, clinical examination of the entire area and radiological assessment. Teeth may be displaced, extruded or asymptomatic. Sensitivity to percussion, transient discoloration of the crown and bleeding from the gingival sulcus may be present. Basic treatment principles involve repositioning of the displaced fragment and immobilization. Fractures in the apical third usually do not require intervention. Fractures in the middle third and subcrestal fractures of the cervical third often require reduction and immobilization. Supracrestal fractures of the cervical third often require removal of the coronal fragment and prosthetic rehabilitation. Endodontic treatment of root canals is not performed on emergency admission but after 3-4 months if the tooth shows signs of necrosis or infection. Vertical root fractures are most commonly associated with endodontically treated, extensively restored teeth. Treatment of single-root teeth often involves tooth extraction, while for multi-rooted teeth, options may include hemisection or amputation. Treatment options for root fractures of primary teeth include removal of the coronal fragment while leaving the apical fragment, or repositioning the coronal fragment with the placement of a flexible splint. The tooth may also be left untreated if not excessively mobile. Long-term patient follow-up is one of the main success factors. Patients should be monitored for a minimum of 5 years after the injury. There are four types of root fracture healing, including healing with hard dental tissue, healing with connective tissue, healing with connective tissue and bone, and the formation of granulation tissue in the fracture line.