Introduction: At the beginning of the 18th century, Slavonia was on the periphery of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, without health workers and institutions, but this began to change very quickly by considering the role of health and position of Slavonia. Procedure: Retrospective epidemiological study based on the unpublished archives of the State Archives in Osijek and available literature in electronic databases PubMed, Scopus and Hrčak - portal of scientific journals of the Republic of Croatia describes all changes that occur with medical activities in Slavonia in 18th and 19th century. Overview: Text describes the arrival of feldshers, and then educated doctors, whose number grew steadily with the gradual opening of hospitals in Slavonian settlements. The development of pharmacy was first encouraged by the Jesuits and Franciscans, and it continued to develop, which resulted in an increasing number of pharmacies, but also new pharmacy legislature. Along with regulating the work of doctors and pharmacists was regulated, the work of midwives, who must have certificates for their activities, also began to be regulated. The understanding of the benefits of thermal springs in western Slavonia was exploited in Daruvar and Lipik, which became known throughout the Monarchy. Conclusion: By understanding the importance of health activities and border position of Slavonia, there were implemented numerous reforms that affected medical services and enabled their rapid development, which continued in the later period.