Anxiety and depression as a permanent threat to modern society Introduction: An increasing number of mental disorders in the population is associated with urbanization, technological development, and the modern way of life. Despite the differences, symptoms of anxiety and depression can be the same, so it is important to diagnose them correctly. Given the growing number of patients with anxiety and depression, the importance of providing adequate support and nursing care to patients with these mental disorders, it is important to prevent and recognize these conditions as the leading mental illnesses of modern times. Procedure: Using secondary data to present the most important findings on anxiety and depression in the professional and scientific literature. Overview: Anxiety is one of the most common mental disorders in modern society and most commonly occurs after an extremely stressful situation or event that creates sadness and fear, such as the loss of a loved one. Depression is a different mental disorder than anxiety. It is a mood disorder while anxiety is a nervous disorder. Mental disorders including anxiety and depression have a significant impact on people’s functioning, productivity, job loss and it reduces work ability. Adequate status of functioning is crucial for quality of life, and maintaining a productive workforce, hiring, and retaining the most productive staff are crucial for business. Conclusion: Nurses involved in the care of patients with anxiety and depression have the task of monitoring the patient's condition and managing during treatment. Also, they monitor whether patients take the prescribed therapy regularly and, if necessary, advise patients on the importance of a healthy lifestyle. Nursing care is based on an individual and holistic approach to each patient but also family seeking advice on how to help a family member struggling with anxiety or depression.