Aim of the research: To examine the public perception of HPV and vaccination, and to examine the differences in the perception of HPV transmission, prevention, related diseases, and vaccines in relation to demographic characteristics and the way of information gathering. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Respondents and methods: 322 respondents participated voluntarily. The survey questionnaire was created for the purpose of research and distributed through social networks. The survey is anonymous and was conducted in June 2023. Results: Respondents living in the city consider sexual intercourse as a means of transmission, respondents with secondary education consider shared use of syringes among addicts as a means of transmission, and respondents who gather information on the Internet consider other sexual activities as a means of transmission. Women consider the Pap smear test as a method of prevention, respondents with primary education consider hormonal contraception as a method of prevention, and respondents who gather information on the Internet do not consider gynaecological check-ups as a method of prevention. Women, respondents living in the city and respondents who gather information through professional literature and from health professionals show greater knowledge about the association of HPV with precancerous lesions in the cervix; anal and genital warts; cervical, anal and genital cancer, while respondents with primary education, who have not heard of HPV and who gather information on the Internet show less knowledge about HPV-related diseases. A more positive perception of the vaccine and acceptance of vaccination is shown by women and respondents living in the city, and a more negative perception by respondents with primary education. Conclusion: There is a need to inform and educate the public about HPV while ensuring the availability of educational materials and counselling by health professionals. Public awareness of HPV-related diseases needs to be encouraged in order to increase the acceptance of vaccination.