This paper investigates the back voltage on a circuit breaker during the interruption of a short circuit on a 400 kV transmission line, a critical issue in high-voltage power systems. Short circuits can generate significant transient voltages that have the potential to compromise the stability and reliability of the entire system. We have analyzed the fundamentals of short circuits, characteristics of circuit breakers, and the nature of transient recovery voltage. Special attention has been paid to factors influencing the magnitude and duration of the back voltage, such as the type and duration of the short circuit, and properties of the circuit breaker. The study thoroughly examines methods to mitigate the adverse effects of back voltage, including the use of surge arrestors, optimization of circuit breaker design, reduction of impulse impedance, and the application of protective relays. Additionally, a model of the 400 kV Velebit – Melina transmission line was employed to analyze back voltage at the circuit breaker considering the location of the short circuit, phase angle of the source, and short circuit resistance. This analysis provides specific insights into the dynamics of back voltage in real-world high-voltage power systems. Looking forward, continuous monitoring and improvement of back voltage control methods will be crucial to maintaining the safety and reliability of electrical grids, ensuring stable electricity supply under all conditions.