The thesis presents the analysis and the synthesis of the strain busbars. In the analysis the parts of the strain busbars have been modelled and the calculations of the strains and movements of the strain conductors have been performed, i.e. the mechanical effects of the short-circuit currents. The modern calculation methods have been applied, adequate for the processing of the non-linear equations system (static calculation) and of the differential equations system (dynamic calculation), which authentically represent the elaborated problem. In the synthesis, with the application of the genetic algorithms, the optimal strain system parameters have been chosen, with the minimal total costs. The scientific contribution of the thesis is the production of a more complex strain busbars mathematical model as well as of the computer program enabling a better understanding of the mechanical impact of the short-circuit currents in the switchyards with strain busbars. The calculation results (forces and movements) enable a better designing quality, i.e. a more economic construction and implementation of the strain busbars. At the same time they also enable a better insight into the circumstances under which the built in equipment is being used. The calculation results have been checked by comparison with the published measuring results of test example. The optimizing process, based upon the genetic algorithms, helps the designers to more easily reach the optimal strain busbars configuration, including the steel construction and the foundations.