It is possible to detect and characterize vibrations perturbing an optical fiber by measuring the changes in the specklegram of an optical signal travelling along it. This property enables the production of an integrated type sensor system for vibration detection on large structures - along the full length of the installed fiber, with a CCD camera as the logical detection element. The camera, however, causes a very low frequency detection limit, or raises the price significantly, if a specialized camera is used. Measuring the specklegram in a single detection point using a photodiode eliminates the need for a camera, but compromises vibration detection characteristics due to the inherent signal integrating properties of a larger detection surface. The thesis proposes an alternative approach that combines the best characteristics of both detection variants. Instead of the CCD camera, an array of detector photodiodes is used. They break down the specklegram into smaller segments. Correlating the signals from those separate specklegram segments it is possible to extract the information about the perturbing vibrations at any point along the fiber. The vibration frequency that can be detected depends on the sampling frequency of the diodes and the acquisition system, which are normally several orders of magnitude higher than for the CCD camera. The proposed system has been successfully prototyped and tested in comparison with a commercial grade control vibration detector. The theoretical background for the functionality has been mathematically established. The proposed optical fiber vibration detection system is suitable for installation in large structures (bridges, tall buildings, aircraft, etc.) or as a part of perimeter security systems. With some modification it is possible to use it in electrical machines condition monitoring.