This thesis analyzed the problem of evil in contemporary philosophy. Theodicy means an attempt to explain the relationship between evil and God, that is, to answer the question why evil exists if there is a God who could prevent or eliminate evil. Modern theodicies try to answer the question of why evil exists and what is the relationship between evil and God, but the problems of theodicies are still relevant today because theodicies do not offer the ultimate answer to these questions. The paper analyzes the most significant contemporary theodicies such as John Hick's theodicy of the creation of souls, Richard Swinburne's theodicy of the greater good, David Ray Griffin's process theodicy and their criticisms such as the moral anti-theodicy of Dewi Zephaniah Phillips and Kenneth Surin and the thomistic touch of the theodicy by Brian Davies. The observations of these authors are correlated with various literary works from world literature whose authors also, among other things, analyze the relationship between evil and God. Various research methods were used in this paper, such as methods of analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, generalization and comparison. It has been shown that contemporary theodicies do not offer satisfactory arguments when it comes to the problem of evil and the relationship between evil and God, which is why they are all unsuccessful. Modern theodicies do not take into account concrete, but abstract human suffering and trivialize pain, and in addition, they represent the so-called theistic personalism, that is, they understand God's attributes in excessively anthropomorphic categories. Even the criticisms of these contemporary theodicies, although they present justified objections, do not give a satisfactory explanation to the question of why evil exists. Considering the complexity of the issue of evil and the relationship between evil and God, which has occupied philosophers of religion for a very long time, both theists and atheists, as well as the limitations of the human mind when it comes to such a complex issue, the question arises whether any theodicy can even give a satisfactory answer to the problem of evil and the relationship between evil and God.