In this paper, the traditional heritage and the folk customs from the Imotski Region are analyzed from the point of view of social anthropology, that is to say with the emphasis on the interpretation of the role that age-old cultural patterns, customs and beliefs played in the daily life on a micro-regional level, that is to say in the area of the Imotski Region, bearing in mind the history and social conditions in that area over a period of several centuries, that is, in view of the Ottoman occupation of the Imotski Region for many centuries. The consequences of the Ottoman occupation are analyzed in light of the appearance of hajduk fighters against foreign opression, such as the right of the first night and the devshirme, as well as the centuries-old existence of Glagolitic priests in the Imotski Region, as important national and religious determinants of the Croatian people, as well as the conflict with the Church regarding worship in the vernacular Croatian langugage. Moreover, the festival of the brgulja and numerous folk songs are also analyzed, as well as the ganga, as a special musical-poetic and chronical cultural phenomenon, in which the burdensome history of this region is most clearly recorded, and its origin and place in the overall Croatian culture is also analyzed.