In this paper, the author tries to observe several historical processes related to the nineteenth-century history of the Ottoman Empire and the Bosnian vilayet, using the records of refugee hearings of military officials of the Habsburg Monarchy, to indicate and study the reasons for mass migration at the very beginning of the Bosnian Insurrection. Mass migrations are not a novelty in the Ottoman Empire and are often a direct consequence of intrinsic or extrinsic political-religious conflicts. Nevertheless, the migration that dates from approximately mid-August 1875 is primarily presented as a consequence of the position of the Christian (Orthodox) peasantry within Bosnian society and tax levies that were constantly increased given the economic state of the Empire, as well as various types of psychological and physical excesses to which they were subjected. Therefore, in the records emotions can be traced that have been accumulating for a long time in the lowest layers of the peasantry, and which, with the Uprising of 1875, are profiled and directed within one widespread and cohesive emotion - fear. This same fear, partly due to mutual propaganda activities, takes its final form in a note of general panic, which is foremost reflected in the massive number of refugees, where in some areas collective Bosnian Krajina village communities were emigrating. Of course, the paper also focuses on the situation that found the defected refugees within the Military Border.