The thesis explores the use of fantastic elements in the short stories of Brazilian writer Murilo Rubião, drawing on various theoretical approaches to the study of the "fantastic" in literature, from Tzvetan Todorov's classical definition to more recent interpretations. The "neo-fantastic" is employed as an alternative framework for understanding Rubião’s work, in contrast to the traditional classification of magical realism. A detailed overview of the writer’s biography and entire body of work is provided. Special attention is given to the unique position of Rubião's oeuvre within Brazilian literature, accompanied by an exploration of the circumstances that led to its initial neglect, as well as the process through which his literary value was ultimately recognized. The analysis of selected stories (O pirotécnico Zacarias, Teleco, o coelhinho, O bloqueio, and D. José não era) reveals three phases in his literary expression, each marked by different interpretations of the role of fantastic elements: from explorations of transcendence and spirituality, through the thematization of identity and alienation, to the acceptance of absurdity in modern reality. Finally, the thesis highlights the narrative techniques Rubião employs to achieve indifference toward the fantastic, grounded in the reactions of his characters.