Adolf Eichmann was a German member of the SS who became one of the most notorious war criminals due to his involvement in the mass deportations and killings of Jews during World War II. Although he succesfully concelead his identity for several years after the war, Eichmann was ultimately captured and sentenced to death. His trial not only attracted immense media attention but also held significant historical and philosophical importance. To gain a deeper understanding of this topic, this paper will conduct a detailed analysis of the trial from both a philosophical and historical perspective. The historical analysis will focus on the context and circumstances surrounding the trial, emphasizing Eichmann's role in the Nazi regime. Additionally, the paper will explore how the trial contributed to raising awareness of the crimes of the Holocaust and its impact on collective memory. From a philosophical standpoint, the paper will examine the moral aspects of Eichmann's defense, raising questions of personal responsibility, moral guilt, and obedience to authority. Eichmann's defense heavily relied on the claim that he was „just following orders“, a notion that opened complex ethical dilemmas, particularly addressed by the philosopher Hannah Arendt. In her exploration of the concept of the „banality of evil“, Arendt developed a theory suggesting that individuals can commit unspekeable acts of cruelty without possesing inherent malice. As Arendt was a key figure in the interpretation of Eichmann's trial, the paper will place significant emphasis on her perspective, the controversies arising from her reports and critiques from other authors. By linking the philosophical and historical perspectives, the primary goal of the paper is to highlight the profound significance of the trial in confronting the past, as well as its lasting impact on ethics and philosophy.