Proenvironmental behaviour represents a key aspect in combating the consequences of climate change - it contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the preservation of biodiversity; fosters collective awareness driving shifts in social norms; and facilitates the development of sustainable economic models. The purpose of this study was to examine the applicability of Stern's value-belief-norm theory in predicting proenvironmental behaviour using path analysis on a representative sample of Swedish citizens. Research was conducted on a subset of data collected through an international research project carried out by the European Social Survey in 2016. Survey questions whose content corresponds to the constructs in the causal chain of the value-belief-norm theory were chosen as variables, those being the following: values of universalism and traditionalism taken from Schwartz’s Human Values Scale, attitudes on the existence and impact of climate change, perceived self-efficacy in preventing the effects of climate change, personal norms regarding environmental protection and questions relating to support of proenvironmental public policy. Model fit was estimated using frequentist and Bayesian methods of estimation. Results attained by use of both methods show that the specified model does not fit the data appropriately, which can be attributed to the violation of method assumptions, model misspecification and issues with the way one of the variables was operationalized. Theoretical implications derived from this research point to the need for careful definition and operationalization of the specific variable leading up to the activation of personal pronvironmental norms. The results also have practical implications in the design of climate change education strategies and initiatives encouraging proenvironmental behaviour.