This thesis presents a possible concept of an anthropology museum within the Croatian social and market context. The concept is based on contemporary museological theories and the most important part of the contemporary understanding of museum institutions is the change of focus from museum collections to museum public. The museum of anthropology fits into the goals that contemporary museums aim to achieve with its central themes. The paper includes the theoretical framework of contemporary museology, the representation of anthropology as a holistic science that studies human species in time and space, the comparative analysis of anthropological museums around the world and the elaboration of the idea for the Museum of Anthropology in Croatia. The aims of the Museum of Anthropology would be to familiarize the public with different aspects of the human species, to contribute to the intercultural understanding and tolerance, to encourage the individuals' social engagement and to create a space that would serve as an instigator of social changes. The purpose of this thesis is to show how a contemporary museum of anthropology would contribute to fulfilling the aims of contemporary musem – creating a space that would serve as a hub where borders get erased, social relationships are made, experiences and ideas are exchanged and better future is created – without discrimination, prejudice and inequality.