Although vaccination has proven to be the best form of protection against infectious diseases, there is a growing trend of vaccination refusal. The aim of this study was to examine differences in sociodemographic characteristics, some aspects of self-perceived parenting and way of making a vaccination decision between three groups of mothers: mothers who volunteer to vaccinate children, mothers who vaccinate their children due to legal obligation and mothers who don't vaccinate children. The study included 75 mothers of infants and preschool children. Sociodemographic data, data on vaccination decision-making process and parental role satisfaction were collected using semi-structured interview, while data on parental stress and self-perceived parenting competence were collected through questionnaires. The results show that mothers report moderately low intensity of parental stress and have very high assessments of parenting self-efficacy and role satisfaction. Mothers who vaccinate due to legal obligation report a higher intensity of parental stress than mothers who volunteer to vaccinate and mothers who do not vaccinate their children. Also, the three groups of mothers differed statistically significantly in the vaccination decision-making process. Group differences in sociodemographic variables (level of education and number of children), satisfaction with parenting role and self-perceived parenting competence (parenting self-efficacy and locus of control) did not reach the level of statistical significance. The obtained results can be applied in preventive and intervention programs for parents as well as in counseling work with the aim of achieving positive changes in parental behavior.