| Sažetak | Cilj je ovog rada ispitati razlike u učestalosti, trajanju i distribuciji tipova stanki oklijevanja s obzirom na spol i porijeklo govornika. Korpus je činilo 20 govornika iz 12 hrvatskih gradova (Čakovec, Varaždin, Zagreb, Pula, Rijeka, Zadar, Šibenik, Split, Dubrovnik, Slavonski Brod, Vukovar i Vinkovci), odnosno pet hrvatskih regija (sjeverna Hrvatska, Istra i Kvarner, Dalmacija, Slavonija i grad Zagreb). Stanke oklijevanja popisane su i izmjerene pomoću programa Praat. U korpusu je zabilježeno pet tipova stanki oklijevanja, a to su neartikulirana glasna stanka, bezglasna stanka, duljenje, samoispravljanje i poštapalice. Rezultati su pokazali da muškarci koriste stanke oklijevanja češće u spontanom govoru, a da kod žena stanke oklijevanja prosječno traju dulje. Žene češće koriste bezglasne stanke oklijevanja i poštapalice od muškaraca, a kod muškaraca su češće neartikulirane glasne stanke, duljenje i samoispravljanje. Po regijama, stanke oklijevanja najviše se koriste u gradu Zagrebu, a najmanje u Dalmaciji. U Zagrebu je i prosječno trajanje najdulje, a u Slavoniji je najkraće. U svim regijama najčešća je bezglasna stanka oklijevanja, zatim neartikulirana glasna stanka (osim u Istri i Kvarneru gdje je duljenje na drugom mjestu po učestalosti). Dobiveni rezultati upućuju na postojanje spolnih i regionalnih razlika u stankama oklijevanja u hrvatskom jeziku. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | The aim of this paper is to examine the differences in the frequency, duration, and distribution of types of hesitation pauses with respect to the gender and origin of speakers. The corpus includes speech audio files of 20 speakers from 12 Croatian cities (Čakovec, Varaždin, Zagreb, Pula, Rijeka, Zadar, Šibenik, Split, Dubrovnik, Slavonski Brod, Vukovar, and Vinkovci), that is from five Croatian regions (northern Croatia, Istria and Kvarner, Dalmatia, Slavonia and the city of Zagreb). Hesitation pauses were analyzed and measured using the Praat program. Five types of hesitation pauses were recorded in the corpus, unlexicalized filled pause, voiceless pause, lengthening, self-correction, and lexicalized filled pause. The results showed that men used hesitation pauses in spontaneous speech more often than women and that women's hesitation pauses last longer on average. Women are more likely to use voiceless pause and lexicalized filled pause than men, and men are more likely to use unlexicalized filled pause, lengthening, and self-correction. By regions, hesitation pauses are most frequent in Zagreb and least in Dalmatia. In Zagreb, the average duration is the longest, and in Slavonia it is the shortest. In all regions, the most common type is the voiceless pause, followed by the unlexicalized filled pause (except in Istria and Kvarner, where lengthening is the second most common). The results indicate that there are gender and regional differences in hesitation pauses in the Croatian language. |
