Based on the analysis of the most important decorative and symbolic motifs appearing during the Predynastic and Early Dynastic Periods, the thesis presents some of the most important developmental and iconographic aspects, as well as stylistic characteristics, of the earliest ancient Egyptian art. In order to better understand the whole body of the art of the later phases in Egyptian (art) history and, consequently, significant segments of Western art, certain knowledge of the art developed during the aforementioned periods is required. Therefore, to achieve an understanding of the various social, religious, geographical, climatic, chronological, and technological frames in which the earliest works of art in the Nile valley and its surroundings were made, a shorter overview of the Predynastic and Early Dynastic art production development is given at the beginning of the text. After that, the most relevant anthropomorphic, zoomorphic, vegetal, and other motifs are contextualized and analyzed in detail based on the most recent data available. The thesis aims to examine exactly which decorative and symbolic motifs appear in the above-mentioned periods, what objects and works of art are they present on, what is the meaning behind them, how they change over time, and whether they are present in later works of art. The studies of these motifs were undertaken in such a way as to provide the most satisfactory answers to the above-posed questions, while simultaneously examining the most representative individual works of art on which each of them appears.