This thesis presents a historical overview of the work of the National Library of Australia, its struggle as an educational and cultural institution at national level, and its commitment and contribution to the conservation of the cultural and social heritage of the Australian population throughout the world of the library profession. The relationship between circumstances and Australian society in temporal, local and technological terms, their coexistence and the consequences of coexistence through the relationship between users and the library as a cultural and educational institution, is emphasized. The dedication of library staff and users, in making progress, innovating and strengthening library relationships at the national level, is shown. The influence of the modern age and technology on the library and its users, as well as new avenues that inevitably are created by the interaction of the modern world of books as a spiritual treasure, are presented. Positive characteristics are observed in the attitude of users towards library materials and services, despite the constant consistent spread of technology and its increasingly aggressive intrusion into every aspect and area of human life. Multiculturalism has become a very important part of today's social reality, whose preservation and promotion in the world of libraries is taken care of by the National Library of Australia and harmoniously integrates old and new, library services, technology and today's extremely changeable human society. As a world-renowned institution, the NLA remains one of the best examples of the commitment and struggle of the library profession for the survival of one nation's cultural – and literary heritage.