Analysis of myths and the related mythological material they produce is one of the oldest topics in human consideration of arts and the culture that encompasses them. To a greater or lesser extent, the tradition of studying mythology permeates nearly the entirety of the history of the human intellectual pursuit. The renewed interest in those studies culminated in the works of humanistic thinkers in the previous century. Myth, that original proto-phenomenon in human culture, has been closely examined by modern theoreticians of myth. The help of many new theoretical approaches, interdisciplinary collaborations and insights from natural sciences revealed an until-now unsuspected number of answers and questions concerning the myth. One of the most thought-provoking, as well as (on the face of it) one of the most mysterious, of these questions is the noted frequency of repetition of the same mythological motifs in the cultures that couldn’t have had points of contact due to their geographical and temporal distances. This work will offer an interpretation of those universal motifs using the tools of psychoanalysis and cognitive linguistics. The insights into the nature of human psychology and the language as the medium for its exploration hopes to offer a theoretical frame capable of encompassing and interpreting the aforementioned mythical universals. The psychoanalytical side of the analysis will focus on the works of Carl Gustav Jung, his ideas of collective unconscious and archetypes, and that of Erich Fromm and his theory of universal linguistic symbols. The linguistic analysis will be based upon principles of cognitive linguistics, such as the inherent metaphoric quality of thought, embodiment of the human mind and thought patterns and the tendency towards the projection of familiar domains of knowledge onto the world that surrounds us. The final part of this paper will be composed of an analysis of concrete mythological works, with the centres of attention being the Middle East mythologies — Babylonian and Egyptian, and the manifestation of the archetype of Self that are observable in them.