The industrialization of Dalmatia began in the mid-19th century and, within the timeframe covered by the thesis, reached its early momentum around the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. The industrial development of the formerly impoverished and economically passive region on the outskirts of the Austrian empire ushered in a series of modernization processes that enabled Dalmatia to shed its provincial image and undergo a set of urban, economic, social, and cultural transformations. The requirements and achievements of early industries provided the foundation for the electrification of the region and the construction of various types of infrastructure, accelerated the urbanization of cities and towns, stimulated the region’s economy, encouraged the emergence of the middle class, and improved social conditions. This paper portrays five industries that had most significantly impacted Dalmatia from the beginning of the region’s industrialization until 1945 – cement, chemical, tobacco, food, and hydropower industries. These branches had immensely impacted the appearance of the region as well – once predominantly piscatorial and rural ambiances were thereon replaced by massive production facilities, factory chimneys, and warehouses. Industry and industrial architecture altered the scenery of coastlines and riverbanks, as well as the scenery of the secluded areas in the region’s hinterland, and that of the islands. The cement industry marked the views of ten Dalmatian towns, initiated the urbanization of as many as four settlements, and while simultaneously manufacturing and promoting new material, presented itself as a catalyst for the modernization of the architectural practices in Dalmatia. The hydroelectric power plant complexes on the Krka and Cetina rivers altered the sceneries and significances of the river banks, demonstrated the possibility of the coexistence of machines and artistic tendencies, and initiated the history of the Croatian electrical industry. The chemical industry prompted the construction of industrial zones and new settlements, established itself as the basis of local economies, and indicated the gradual infiltration of modernist elements into the architecture of Dalmatia. The tobacco industry sparked the economic activity of the hitherto passive Dalmatian hinterland and constructed some of the most imposing buildings in the area. Among the numerous branches of the food industry, certain industries prominently stood out due to the number of production plants they had built and the economic importance they had displayed. During this period, those were primarily the pasta industry, the alcoholic beverages industry, and the fish processing industry. Although this diverse industrial branch had constructed perhaps the most heterogeneous group of industrial buildings, the common characteristic of the buildings of this group was their markedness with admixtures of then-dominant architectural styles, namely Historicism and Secession. In the period between the Second World War and the Homeland War, a series of complex historical, political, economic, and social phenomena and changes negatively impacted the industrial image of Dalmatia – industrial production was almost completely abandoned, and the economic policy of the region began its radical turn towards the monoculture of tourism. The shutdown of production facilities, as well as the negative attitude towards industrial heritage, i.e. the neglect of its constructive, aesthetic, symbolic, and sentimental values, resulted in the devastation of buildings and complexes of industrial architecture, which entailed the almost complete erasure of the layer of Dalmatian history and heritage, the architectural layer of the region and human memories of the phenomena that built the region’s identity. This thesis, therefore, attempts to reconstruct the industrial image of Dalmatia.