Organ transplantation is a treatment of choice in organ failure events. The advancement in transplantation procedure as well as pharmacotherapy has contributed to significant extension of the transplanted patients’ lives. However, psychological aspects of the transplantation process have been somewhat neglected so far although there are findings that indicate a significant contribution of psychological aspects to the success of the transplantation process and recovery. This led to a need for systematization of findings of relevant studies in the field of psychological functioning of the person during kidney transplantation, recognized as most frequent transplantation in Croatia. In this work we will include different psychological aspects of patients such as psychological problems, illness perception, coping strategies, adherence and quality of life through various phases of transplantation. Aforementioned will attempt to contribute to a better understanding of psychological functioning during transplantation, thus enabling the creation of structured intervention programs of psychological support. This paper deals with topics of health and chronic illness, specifity of health behavior and the effects of medical adherence. Specific notice has been given to the area of chronic kidney disease and treatment methods of the same, primarily kidney transplantation as a therapy of choice. A review goes through relevant field of psychological functioning before and after kidney transplantation and the importance of psychological interventions trhoughout te procedure, especially the importance of mental worker as an essential member of the transplant team. The review found that kidney transplantation generally leads to a better quality of life and psychological status. Emphasis is placed on conducting systematic and standardized psychological evaluation and monitoring throughout the transplant process with an emphasis on individual patient differences to further reduce the possibility of medical non-adherence. It would be of great importance to provide adequate interventions (educational, counseling, psychotherapy) for patients, their families, living donors and the families of deceased donors throughout the transplantation process.