The main characteristic of visual working memory (VWM) is its limited capacity. VWM must constantly adapt to the environment it is in, by more accurately memorizing stimuli that occur more frequently in the environment compared to those encountered relatively rarely. The aim of this research was to investigate whether participants (N = 22) could adapt to abstract and unfamiliar visual stimuli. To this end, an experiment was conducted in which various visual stimuli were presented at different frequencies (high and low frequency), and the complexity of the distribution describing the stimulus presentation frequency (unimodal and bimodal distribution) was manipulated. Participants went through multiple memory and recall sequences divided into eight experimental blocks, and after each recall, they also reported their confidence in recall. Our hypothesis was that participants would adapt by the end of the experiment and would show better recall for frequent compared to less frequent stimuli. Analyses did not reveal differences in recall errors between high and low-frequency stimuli at the beginning and end of the adaptation course (first and eighth sequence blocks) in either the unimodal or bimodal stimulus distribution condition. However, the expected difference was found between the beginning and aggregated results of the second half of the adaptation in the unimodal but not the bimodal stimulus distribution condition. No significant differences were found in the assessment of recall confidence with respect to the complexity of the stimulus distribution. Our results suggest that VWM can adapt to the environment in situations of relatively low complexity (unimodal distribution). Furthermore, they show, a potentially interesting dissociation between memory precision and metacognitive confidence judgments during the adaptation process.