Nanocomposites are materials with components of nanometer dimensions that contribute to new properties that composites do not possess. Polymer nanocomposites consist of fillers or reinforcements of nanometer dimensions dispersed in a polymer matrix. New properties displayed by nanocomposites are increased modulus and strength, improved solvent and heat resistance, reduced flammability and gas permeability. The goal of this study was to determine and compare the properties of polymeric latex and SiO2 filler nanoparticles composites and latex and glass fiber composites. Composites of different composition were subjected to mechanical tests, analysis of thermal properties using DSC and TGA techniques and analysis of surface properties using the contact angle method (surface energy). The results showed that the contact angle with water indicates hydrophobicity and poor wetting of the latex surface while the fillers show an extremely hydrophilic character and polar nature. The adhesion parameters of the latex / SiO2 system are closest to the optimal adhesion conditions and better interactions on this interface can be expected in contrast to the latex / fiberglass system. DSC analysis shows that a latex / fiberglass composite system requires a higher proportion of filler in order to increase the glass transition, i.e. to soften the composite. TGA analysis showed that the addition of SiO2 nanofillers reduces the thermal stability of latex, while the addition of glass fibers does not affect the thermal stability of latex. Mechanical tests have shown that the addition of both fillers reduces the tensile strength, which indicates an increase in the stiffness of the composite.