This paper deals with multiphase calcium-phosphate ceramic materials and their application in bone tissue engineering. It is a hitherto insufficiently researched area that is increasingly attracting the interest of experts in various scientific fields. This is not surprising, bearing in mind the accelerated development of the biomedical industry associated with the desire of all people for a longer and better quality of life. One of the essential components of the human organism is the bone tissue, which serves primarily for movement and protection of internal organs. However, it is often damaged by external factors, genetics and diseases, causing numerous ailments, disrupting these fundamental functions. In order to restore bone tissue, the field of „Bone tissue engineering“ has been developed. It designs and produces biological substitutes that serve to restore, improve and maintain bone tissue. For this purpose, biomaterials (for hard and soft bone tissue) are used, which, imitating the extracellular matrix, enable cells to accept them with the aim of forming new tissue formation. In addition to the most commonly used metals, there are also different types of polymers and bioceramics. This paper is based on a review of the available literature that studies bioceramics. The most common type of bioceramics is calcium-phosphate bioceramics, which is divided into single-phase and multi-phase calcium-phosphate systems. In order to be applicable in bone tissue engineering, they must possess certain mechanical and biological characteristics. The best-known representatives of single-phase calcium-phosphate bioceramics are: amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), octacalcium phosphate pentahydrate (OCP), tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and hydroxyapatite (HA). In addition to single-phase calcium-phosphate biomaterials, there are also multi-phase ones. Since individual calcium phosphates do not show the feature of imitation of bone composition with its properties, multiphase calcium phosphate ceramic materials are being developed. Depending on the ratio and type of individual phases, they have the possibility of providing improved biological properties.