Hematite (α-Fe2O3) is being intensively investigated for use as a photocatalyst and photoanode material due to its properties such as low energy gap value (about 2.1 eV), exceptional stability, nontoxicity, and low cost. However, its major drawback is poor electrical conductivity, which needs to be enhanced. One of the ways is doping, which is the incorporation of impurities to replace the base atom (Fe3+) in its place in the crystal lattice. In this work, the synthesis of 1D hematite in the form of fibers was carried out by electrospinning method, without and with the addition of 2 at. % and 5 at. % Ru3+ as extrinsic impurities. To determine the effect of Ru3+ doping on the morphological, structural, optical, and semiconducting properties of hematite, the fibers were characterized by the following methods: UV/Vis, ATR-FTIR, SEM, EDS, and XRD. According to the results of all methods, the fibers are predominantly composed of the hematite phase. Comparison of ATR-FTIR spectra and diffractograms of doped and undoped fibers shows a band shift (ATR-FTIR) and a maximum shift (XRD), confirming the successful incorporation of Ru3+ ions into the hematite structure. The influence of doping on the optical and semiconducting properties of hematite is reflected in the reduced value of the energy gap of the doped samples [Ebg (5% at. Ru3+) = 2.05 eV, direct transition] to the undoped sample (Ebg = 2.10 eV, direct transition), indicating an increase in the electrical conductivity of the doped samples. Material with such properties is a potential candidate for application in wastewater treatment processes as a photocatalyst.