Biodiesel represents a promising and sustainable alternative to conventional minerals fuels. Common catalysts for biodiesel production are homogeneous base catalysts which provide the most favorable reaction conditions with the highest yield, but are associated with multiple factors that cause environmental pollution. Therefore, the research of heterogeneous catalysts, which are environmentally friendy and have the possibility of regeneration, was crucial. Calcium oxide CaO is considered a favorable heterogeneous base catalyst for the transesterification reaction and can be obtained from a variety of natural resources. In this paper, the possibility of biodiesel synthesis by transesterification process from vegetable oil using CaO obtained from egg shell waste was investigated. Pulverized egg shells were calcined for 2 hours at 1000 °C. The surface of CaO was characterized by the Brunauer-Emmet-Teller method, simultaneous thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis determined the thermal stability of the catalyst and the phase composition of egg shells before and after calcination by X-ray diffraction. The products of transesterification were subjected to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Based on the experimental results, the oil feedstocks which proved to be the most favorable for the production of biodiesel using CaO were selected.