This paper analyzed the development of digital competences without the use of computers in preschool education. The aim of the paper was to determine, based on a review of existing relevant literature, what are the possibilities of developing digital competences in preschool children without the use of computers. It has been shown that various methods can be used to assess computational thinking skills in preschool children, such as observing children through play and solving tasks, carrying out activities based on stories, analyzing the child's use of digital tools and platforms, observing the child's work with robotic toys, analysis of the child's projects and works, assessment based on collaborative problem solving, analysis of logical puzzle solving, conducting interviews, etc. However, these are qualitative methods that are not inherently reliable, requiring a certain amount of time and knowledge of the researcher, and sometimes the knowledge of the child working with certain digital tools, so it is necessary to develop reliable assessments of computational thinking skills created especially for preschool children. It has been established that the development of computational thinking in preschool children can be encouraged without the use of computers, through activities such as putting together logical puzzles, playing Lego blocks and playing Memory, creating stories and creating scenarios, playing with robotic toys, sequencing actions, role-playing , creative problem solving such as solving a Rubik's cube, solving mathematical problems through play, joint projects and team activities, conducting simple experiments, etc. A comparative comparison of the effect of developing computer thinking in preschool children without and with the use of computers showed that activities for the development of computer thinking without the use of computers in preschool children have a greater effect compared to activities for the development of computational thinking with the use of computers. This paper also contains two examples of activities for the development of computational thinking without the use of computers in preschool children that can be carried out by educators.