In the digital age of ubiquitous technologies, cyber threats are becoming increasingly widespread and sophisticated, posing a serious risk to individuals, organizations, and even nations. This paper thoroughly analyzes various forms of cyber threats, including malicious software, email scams, ransomware attacks, distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, and many others. Concurrently with the development of these threats, methods of protection are also evolving. The paper explores the importance of firewalls, antivirus programs, data encryption, and the adoption of security awareness as key safeguards. With rapid technological advancements and the pervasive digitization of society, challenges in preserving cyber security are becoming increasingly complex. The impacts of technological trends on cyber security are particularly analyzed, as well as strategies for managing future risks. By combining theoretical knowledge and practical examples, the paper utilizes real-life cases of cyber attacks to illustrate the concrete nature of these threats, providing the reader with a deeper understanding of this highly important topic.