Road transport is the most developed branch of the transport system. With its great advantages, it facilitates the transport of people and goods. On the other hand, it consumes the most energy and thereby pollutes the environment and contributes to climate change. Road vehicles still use fossil fuels in large quantities for their propulsion, the combustion of which produces numerous exhaust gases. Such a way of functioning does not achieve good energy efficiency and reduces the initiative for environmental improvements. In order to achieve the greatest possible energy and environmental efficiency, it is necessary to develop and improve sustainable forms of energy in road transport, which is the topic of this final thesis. In addition to sustainable forms of energy, alternative fuels can also be used, which are only substitutes for conventional fuels and do not have as great an environmental contribution as sustainable energy. Sustainable forms of energy are seen in the energy of the sun, wind, water, geothermal energy, biomass energy and biofuel, and hydrogen. Each sustainable form has its advantages as well as disadvantages. In this paper, they are analyzed in detail and the potential of each form of energy is investigated, as well as the possibility of use and application in road traffic.