In the 5th generation (5G) wireless communication systems, it is expected that requirements will exceed the capabilities of previous technologies. In this context, Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) stands out as a promising technique to address these challenges. NOMA enables support for a larger number of users than there are orthogonal resource slots by using non-orthogonal resource allocation. This capability enhances spectral efficiency and increases network capacity, allowing for a higher number of simultaneous users. Compared to conventional Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA) methods, NOMA shows significant advantages in scalability and efficiency, which are crucial for meeting global demands for speed and quality of communication in 5G networks. The paper analyzes and compares multiple access techniques specific to different generations of mobile networks, focusing on their advantages and challenges. Understanding these techniques and their proper implementation is crucial for optimizing network performance and efficiency, and NOMA will play a key role in the continued development and enhancement of 5G networks.