The case study of the two countries, the Swiss Confederation and the Republic of Finland, seeks to present national security policies and their relationship with NATO after the end of the Cold War, which resulted in many changes in the field of international relations. Important for this research is the fact that NATO has undergone a process of transformation after the end of the Cold War. For this reason, it is crucial to notice the differences in the implementation of the policy of national security and neutrality on the example of the two countries, and to analyse the relation with NATO after the Cold War. The first part presents the national security policy of the Republic of Finland, whereas the second part discusses the relationship between Finland and NATO. The third part describes Switzerland's national security policy, while the fourth part emphasizes Switzerland's relationship with NATO. In the fifth part, there is a comparison of the two countries by certain components in order to identify the similarities and differences between the two countries. The goal of the research was to identify if there was a change in national security and neutrality at the end of the Cold War, and in a period where there was no longer an arms race and the need to reflect neutrality between two ideologically opposed blocks. This paper also intends to identify if there has been progress in NATO's cooperation with neutral states. The topic is crucial in order to answer research questions which can provide deeper understanding of the future of NATO. Furthermore, answering research questions provides us with the opportunity to establish if there is any possibility that longstanding and traditionally neutral countries like Switzerland, or those that chose their neutral position during the Cold War, like Finland, improved their cooperation with NATO.