This thesis studies Communism and the Cold War from the perspective of Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, based on his novel „The Gulag Archipelago“. The two terms are observed during the most turbulent time in Russian history, since the October Revolution and until the end of the Cold War. Furthermore, this novel was taken as a starting point since it shows the author's experience with the repression that Communism and the reign of terror in the Soviet Union caused. That way, interpretation of the Cold War circumstances through political and diplomatic relations between the two blocks is avoided and it is interpreted through literature. The hypothesis of the research suggests that the development of the Bolshevik theory was greatly limited by the search for the authentic essence of Communism. The goal of the research is to determine the reasons and factors that led to the establishment of Communism in the Russian territory and to draw a comparison of Communism as an idea and how it was conducted by Lenin and later Stalin. The link between hypothesis and goal is precisely Solzhenitsyn and his novel that was presented as anti-Soviet in both the West and the East. That way, its artistic value and the author's message was diminished, putting the welfare of man in the center. With further analysis from the author's perspective, the similarity between the two Cold War blocks, that move away from the welfare of man himself, is clearly shown.