This work deals with the topic "Comparative analysis of the disintegration of Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia in the context of the end of the Cold War" and summarizes the fundamental external and internal forces that led to the creation of the Czechoslovak and Yugoslav federations, existence, disintegration and ultimately the current situation. Given that the topic is very complex, and covers a long period and a large number of countries, forces, events and causes are listed and explained at several levels, for clarity and non-deviation from the topic. The end of the Cold War and bipolar structures were able to create the conditions for rapid changes and steps in a short time. The Cold War, bipolarism, and the changes brought about by the disintegration of the bipolar structure could almost entirely define the next time to the present day. In the context of sudden changes in recent years, shifts in the global order, the creation of new centers of power and a multipolar world, this topic of disintegration of the bipolar system of power is becoming increasingly important. All this further confirms the fact that at the end of writing this paper, an unprecedented conflict began in Europe since World War II: Russia's attack on Ukraine. It is precisely the causes, positions, as well as the demands of both sides (primarily Russia, to a lesser extent Ukraine and Western powers) that can be clearly found in the settings created during the period of the collapse of the bipolar system of power. Precisely for understanding the current situation (with an emphasis on the area of the former Czechoslovakia and the former Yugoslavia), this topic represents additional value.