This paper investigates the policy of agricultural land management and the development of karst areas in Croatia, presenting complex and interconnected topics of utmost importance for the preservation of biological diversity, sustainable agricultural production and improvement of the living conditions of the local population. It reviews the dynamics of rural development in the EU, with an emphasis on policies affecting agriculture, cohesion, and the integration of urban and rural space, and especially emphasizes the importance of the EU Agenda 2000, the new financial architecture of the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EPFRR) and the impact of the Europe 2020 Strategy to rural areas. The paper specifically analyzes the management of agricultural land in Croatia, with a focus on state-owned land. The rural competitiveness of Croatia after EU accession is also considered. Aspects of karst area management are analyzed, including current shortcomings and potential for improvement. In doing so, it relies on an integrated approach that includes environmental protection, preservation of cultural heritage, promotion of sustainable agricultural practices, and support to local communities. The paper comprises a comparative study of land management (LRM) policies in selected countries, including Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Austria and Sweden. It considers how these policies can affect land use patterns in Croatia. For a better understanding of attitudes and practices related to the management of agricultural land and the development of karst areas in Croatia, empirical research was conducted through a focus group. Based on this comprehensive analysis, the paper draws conclusions and recommendations for future actions and research, with an emphasis on an integrated approach involving local residents, farmers, experts, and local and national authorities in joint efforts for the sustainable development of karst areas.