Biogas is a renewable energy source and can be produced from many raw organic materials during anaerobic digestion. The application of biogas is extensive; it can be used to produce electrical and thermal energy or as a fuel in transport. With the growth of the number of installed biogas plants and the restriction of the use of corn silage in biogas production, there is a need for novel sources of raw materials suitable for biogas production. The use of maize silage in biogas production is limited due to a direct change of the land use. This thesis investigates the potential of biogas production from industrial residues and by-products. The industrial residues and by-products represented in this thesis are those produced in wineries, breweries, oil mills, dairies, sugar factories, and vegetable processing plants. Mapping in the Geographic Information System (GIS) of the technical potential of residues and by-products and biogas production's potential was performed. Based on the biogas potential map, potential locations for the installation of biogas plants have been determined for which, in accordance with the method specified in Directive 2018/2001, greenhouse gas emissions and savings from electricity and heat production from biogas obtained by digestion of industrial residues are calculated. The case study is based on the mapping of biopotentials of industrial residues and by-products of the Republic of Croatia. A total of 192 industrial plants were considered, and ten optimal locations of potential biogas plants were determined. Greenhouse gas emission savings have been calculated for determined biogas plants. The Directive requires savings in greenhouse gas emissions for electricity, heating and cooling production from biomass fuels of 70% for plants starting operation from 2021 and 80% for plants that will start into operation after 1 January 2026. The economic analysis shows the specific costs of purchase and transportation of residues and by-products for biogas production. The results show that the use of industrial residues and by-products meets the criteria required by the Directive in most cases. In some of the case studies, the required savings were not achieved in the case of monodigestion of biological sludge and whey generated in the dairy industry due to lower technological potential resulting in under-capacitated transport and lower energy density of residues. The range of emission savings in residue co-digestion in electricity production is between 84.83 and 89.97%, and for heat production, the range of greenhouse gas emission savings is between 92.14 and 94.80%.