In this thesis, high purity alumina (Al2O3) ceramic green bodies were compacted by cold isostatic pressing (CIP). Impact of conventional (electric kiln) and nonconventional (hybrid microwave kiln) sintering on microstructure, density, mechanical properties (hardness, fracture toughness, brittleness index) and corrosion resistance of alumina ceramics was investigated. Corrosion resistance of alumina ceramics sintered by conventional (EP-Al2O3) and nonconventional methods (MP-Al2O3) was determined by its exposure to different concentrations of nitric acid (0,5 mol dm-3, 1,25 mol dm-3 and 2 mol dm-3) and different temperatures (25, 40 and 55 °C) up to 240 h. Afterwards, mass concentrations of Al3+, Ca2+, Fe3+, Mg2+, Na+ and Si4+ ions eluted from Al2O3 ceramics were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Corrosion resistance of Al2O3 ceramics was evaluated by (i) measurements of mass concentrations of eluted ions, (ii) analysis of degrees of dissolution of ions, (iii) determination of corrosion rate constants, (iv) determination of activation energies of the corrosion processes and (v) analysis of microstructures obtained by means of two sintering methods. Response surface methodology was used for optimization of parameters within experimental “sample-corrosive media” area. Exposure of Al2O3 ceramics to corrosive media was conducted according to Box-Behnken design. Afterwards, analysis of variance of EP-Al2O3 and MP-Al2O3 ceramics was carried out to define the significance of each factor of the model and to determine regression functions. Optimization was used to determine the parameters to achieve maximal corrosion resistance of conventionally and non-conventionally sintered Al2O3 ceramics. High purity EP-Al2O3 ceramics, containing bigger grains and pores, as well as lower relative porosity, showed higher corrosion resistance at higher concentrations of nitric acid, while MP-Al2O3 ceramics, containing smaller grains and pores, as well as higher relative porosity, showed higher chemical resistance at lower HNO3 concentrations. Acid corrosive media did not affect significantly the hardness of examined Al2O3 ceramics. Obtained results confirmed hypothesis of this research that is possible to produce high purity alumina ceramics by conventional and non-conventional sintering methods with favourable microstructure for application in acid corrosive media.