This thesis is aimed to analyse lead and its alloys. The introductory part provides general information about lead explaining its mechanical and thermal properties. Then there is a list of the most common ores used to obtain lead, followed by a thorough description of galena, which is one of the most important ores. This part of the thesis also offers an insight into lead processing describing the basic refining procedures. The next part of the thesis systematically presents the history of lead and its development, from the discovery in the time of ancient civilizations to the present. Moreover, this thesis provides the division of pure lead into classes, as well as available lead alloys explaining their properties and areas of application. Lead is used in various branches of industry, so this part of the thesis lists and shows most common products made of lead. Following part of the thesis describes recycling process of lead and shows its advantages compared to the primary production of lead. Considering that lead is a toxic metal, the paper goes on to investigate the biological effects on humans and the environment, with special emphasis on children, who are the most vulnerable. Furthermore, the paper gives basic instructions for prevention and treatment of lead poisoning.