When we talk about the shoulder, we must concentrate on the entire shoulder girdle, which consists of four joints (glenohumeral, scapulothoracic, acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular). The shoulder is a very mobile joint, but this mobility also gives it a negative side, i.e. instability, which increases the possibility of injury. Shoulder pain is a condition that affects a large number of people. The most common are lesions of the rotator cuff, pain in the acromioclavicular joint, referred pain and adhesive capsulitis. Factors such as age can be a risk for us, because their increase also leads to a decrease in proteoglycans and glycoaminoglycans, as well as calcification and fibrovascular profiling of degenerative changes, and occupation and sports because doing jobs or sports in which certain activities are often carried out with the shoulder can negatively affect the joint itself. The goal of this work was to determine the most common injuries that affect the shoulder, their mechanisms of occurrence, and to determine the best approaches to rehabilitation. For the purposes of this work, we used professional literature and literature available on Google Scholar and PubMed. A review of the research of several databases found that the most common causes of shoulder pain are rotator cuff lesions and that there are numerous causes of shoulder pain mechanisms. It has also been found that a conservative approach to treatment, such as active exercise, is a better approach than surgery in most cases of shoulder pain.