The demand for lithium, which is a key component in batteries for electric vehicles and renewable energy sources, is increasing globally. However, its ecological exploitation presents serious challenges. The process of lithium mining involves two main methods: extracting lithium from hard rock and evaporating lithium from surface brine deposits. Both methods have significant environmental impacts, including habitat destruction, water pollution, high water consumption, and the emission of harmful substances into the air. Particular emphasis is placed on the problems of lithium-rich areas, where extraction depletes local water resources and worsens living conditions for local communities. Additionally, salt evaporation can cause soil degradation and loss of biodiversity. Alongside environmental consequences, the research presented in the thesis also addresses social and economic impacts, such as conflicts with local population due to the exploitation of natural resources, often leading to the violation of their rights and traditional way of life. The main objective of this bachelor thesis is to present the adverse effects of lithium mining and processing on water, air, soil, and living beings (animals, plants and humans). It also emphasizes the need for sustainable solutions in the lithium industry through innovations in extraction technology, battery recycling, and the implementation of stricter regulations that reduce the negative impact on the environment and communities.