This graduate thesis is focused on the identification and quantification of hazards on the construction site as a prerequisite for increasing the level of occupational safety. The goal of the thesis is to list the most common hazards that occur on construction sites and to try to reduce the frequency of such occurrences using various measures. First part of the thesis presents types of dangers and ailments that take place and the peculiarities of construction as an economic branch in the context of occupational safety. Based on the findings so far, we can conclude that construction is the leading industry when it comes to the number of work-related injuries. Various studies presented in this thesis confirm this fact, especially in relation to other sectors of the economy. The main part of the thesis deals with the methods of identification and quantification of hazards that define the key steps for dealing with hazards to ensure effective prevention and risk management, as well as a detailed risk assessment that includes an analysis of the probability that the hazard will occur and the severity of the consequences if the hazard indeed does occur. The following chapter expands on ways to improve the level of occupational safety in the design phase. The most well-known method of increasing the level of occupational safety in the design phase is building information modelling (BIM). Changes in the approach to safety can be expected following the use of this tool, numerous studies suggest. At the very end of the thesis, the results of the survey completed by health and safety coordinators are presented to gain a clearer insight into the current situation on construction sites in the context of occupational safety.