Today railways are one of the safest possible means of transportation, that fact railways owe to their definition of traffic means forcefully guided on metal tracks. That kind of forced guidance eliminates human factor of steering the vehicle, but it also makes other problems, like constant need to check and maintain complicated railroad. In todays world to make the railways compatible with highly developed road traffic, it is imperative that they can transfer large quantities of people and cargo with high speed. It is because of these heavy loads, and high speeds track tend to wear down much faster than they used to. The importance of anticipating and repairing all possible damage and wear in a complex railway assembly is increased, as well as the need to minimize the risks of failure of crucial parts of a complex railway assembly. This thesis will cover topics related to the ways of repairing wooden and concrete sleepers. The aim is to present the roles and types of sleepers themselves, to explain the ways in which they are worn and damaged, to present reasons for repairing, and to compare the durability of those repaired sleepers. Railway sleepers repair technology has advanced the most in direction of repairing screw spike holes, because they are particularly vulnerable to mechanical damage and deterioration.