For color vision is required light source, the characteristics of the observed object that modulate the light and the human visual system. To distinguish colors are responsible cones, photoreceptors which are located in the retina of the eye. There are three types of cones which have its maximum sensitivity on the different scales of the spectrum. In case of absence or dysfunction of certain type of cones, the man will have a disorder related to the color vision. Abnormal color vision may be hereditary and acquired. Hereditary is transmitted through sexual X chromosome, so men are oftenly damaged that women which can only be carriers of defective genes. Acquired causes various diseases and medications. There are three main types of disorders, which are monochromatism, dichromatism and anomalous trichromatism. Prevalence of abnormal color vision can be detected and dignosed using different tests in the form of records (table) and use of certain devices. Cure for the full correction of abnormal color vision does not exist, but the special lenses and eyeglasses can help people with such defects.