| Sažetak | Korištenje multimedijskih sustava, posebice digitalnih i internetskih sadržaja koji se
svakodnevno upotrebljavaju u procesu informiranja, komuniciranja i učenja, dovodi do potrebe
za optimizacijom parametara oblikovanja radi unapređenja korisničkog iskustva. Vizualna
percepcija sadržaja uvelike ovisi o nizu parametara oblikovanja, ali i o njegovoj poziciji na
ekranu. Sadržaj smješten u središnjem dijelu zaslona vizualno je puno uočljiviji s obzirom na
hotimičnu fiksaciju promatrača na taj dio zaslona. Vizualna razlučivost objekata opada prema
rubnom dijelu zaslona te stoga treba ispitati mogućnost povećanja funkcionalnosti tog dijela.
U ovoj doktorskoj disertaciji istražen je utjecaj boje, vrste i veličine tipografije te animacije
(brzine i smjera kretanja) na vizualnu percepciju objekata u rubnom dijelu ekrana u trenutku
kada je primarna pažnja korisnika fokusirana na sadržaj u sredini ekrana. Istražena je kvaliteta
percepcije sadržaja u rubnom dijelu ekrana prilikom smislene konzumacije sadržaja u
središnjem dijelu čime je simulirana realna situacija u kakvoj se prosječno nalazi korisnik.
Optimalnim oblikovanjem elemenata (poruke, informacije, …) u rubnom dijelu ekrana taj
prostor bi trebao postati funkcionalniji i uočljiviji. Eksperimentalni dio rada podijeljen je u tri
faze, pri čemu je svrha prve faze istraživanja bila između deset kombinacija pronaći
najuočljiviju kombinaciju boje teksta i boje pozadine za stimulus koji se pojavljivao u rubnom
dijelu ekrana. U drugoj fazi trebalo je ispitati utjecaj serifnog odnosno sans serifnog fonta te
različitih pismovnih veličina na uočljivost riječi u rubnom dijelu ekrana. Cilj treće faze
ispitivanja bio je uvidjeti kako različite brzine kretanja stimulusa utječu na vizualnu percepciju
stimulusa u rubnom dijelu grafičkoga korisničkoga sučelja.
Eksperimentalni dio disertacije dao je kvalitetnu definiciju parametara koji utječu na željenu
vizualnu percepciju objekata u rubnom dijelu ekrana uz uvjet da je pažnja ispitanika fokusirana
na sadržaj u središnjem dijelu ekrana. Analizom dobivenih rezultata potvrđeno je da različite
kombinacije boje teksta i boje pozadine utječu na brzinu percepcije ispitanika. Riječi koje se
pojavljuju u rubnom dijelu uočljivije su ukoliko su oblikovane sans serifnim fontom i većom
pismovnom veličinom. Također je vidljivo da su stimulusi koji imaju najveću brzinu kretanja,
prije uočeni od stimulusa koji se sporije kreću. Time su potvrđene sve postavljene hipoteze
istraživanja i definirane su smjernice za stvaranje kvalitetnog sadržaja u rubnom dijelu
grafičkoga korisničkoga sučelja. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | The use of multimedia systems, especially digital and Internet content that is used daily in the
process of informing, communicating and learning, calls for the need to optimize design
parameters in order to improve the user experience. The visual perception of content largely
depends on a number of formatting parameters, but also on its position on the screen. The
content located in the central part of the screen is much more noticeable taking into
consideration the deliberate fixation of the observer on that part of the screen. The visual
resolution of objects decreases towards the peripheral part of the screen; therefore, the
possibility of increasing the functionality of that part of the screen should be investigated.
This doctoral dissertation investigated the influence that color, shape, type and size of
typography, and animation (speed and direction of movement) have on the visual perception of
objects in the peripheral part of the screen in the moment when the primary focus of the user’s
attention is on the content in the central part of the screen.
The quality of the perception of the content in the peripheral part of the screen was investigated
during the meaningful consumption of the content in the central part, which simulated the real
situation in which an average user can find herself or himself. By optimally shaping the
elements (messages, information, etc.) in the peripheral part of the screen, that space should
become more functional and noticeable.
The experimental part of the work was divided into three stages. The purpose of the first stage
of the research was to define which of the ten combinations was the most noticeable
combination of text color and background color for the stimulus that appeared in the peripheral
part of the screen. The second stage of the research examined the influence of serif or sans serif
fonts and different font sizes on the visibility of words in the peripheral part of the screen. The
aim of the third stage of the research was to see how the different speed of the stimulus
movement affects the visual perception of the stimulus in the peripheral part of the graphical
user interface.
Methodology
The measurements that were carried out as part of this research were preceded by a preliminary
stage of testing in which 174 respondents participated. The purpose of the preliminary testing
was to examine the influence of color and shape on the identification of moving objects in the
peripheral part of the screen. The results were presented in the scientific article [8]. Based onthese results, a plan for further research was made, parameters for new measurements were
defined, and necessary changes were made in the web-application developed for the purposes
of preliminary measurement to enable access to testing via a unique URL (Uniform Resource
Locator) link.
Later, upon analyzing the data of the preliminary stage, the application was upgraded and
modified in several segments, and it was used in all stages of the research as part of this doctoral
dissertation. The research was conducted in three stages and in each stage different respondents
participated, with a total of 378 respondents with no previous experience with this type of
testing. The transition from the first to the second stage, or from the second to the third stage,
was possible only when the data from the previous stage was processed. The test results were
processed in Excel and Matlab.
Main results
The experimental part of the dissertation provided a quality definition of the parameters that
influence the desired visual perception of objects in the peripheral part of the screen with the
condition that the participant’s attention is focused on the content in the central part of the
screen. The analysis of the obtained results confirmed that different combinations of text color
and background color affect the speed of the participants’ perception. The words that appear in
the marginal part are more noticeable if they are designed in a sans serif font and in a larger
font size. It is also evident that the stimuli that have the highest speed of movement are noticed
earlier than the stimuli that move more slowly.
In the third stage, the results of the accuracy of quiz answers – the tasks that appeared in the
central part – were analyzed. It was analyzed how different speeds of movement of stimuli in
the peripheral part of the screen affect the attention of participants whose focus is on the central
part. The results show that the accuracy of answers in the quiz is equal for all stimulus
movement speeds, with the exception of stimuli that move at a speed of 840 px/s, where it is
slightly higher. Thus, different speeds of movement of the stimulus in the peripheral part do not
significantly affect working on the task in the central part.
In line with this, all the research hypotheses have been confirmed and the guidelines for
designing quality content in the peripheral part of the graphical user interface have been
defined. |
