Using different printing system technologies, hydrographic organisations had to face the need for optimisation in the production of charts and navigational publications. This paper makes a contribution in this respect, proposing the development of the best model for the production of charts and navigational publications. Introductory part presents a historical development of mapping, cartography and cartographic reproduction. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of hydrographic organisations, specifically the role of Hydrographic Institute of the Republic of Croatia. Definitions of charts and navigational publications are given, including a description of publishing methods, as well as of amending and updating procedures. In the graphical part, two basic methods are distinguished, including conventional and digital press systems. Both methods are analysed in detail, also including new digital printing technologies. Special chapter deals with the difference between paper charts and electronic charts, describing their use and predictable development. In the experimental part, accuracy of charts and navigational publications is examined to enhance for the safety of navigation, as well as the impact of printing systems on accuracy. Issues of process control are discussed, as well as the possibilities of optimisation of printing processes. The conclusion offers a proposal of the model to be selected, and of the optimum procedure for reproduction of charts and navigational publications at hydrographic organisations, specifically the Hydrographic Institute of Croatia, as well as recommendations for future work and further investigations.