This paper explores what means to be a child in the Early Modern Age. Through the paper, we can see that children and childhood attracts so little attention from writers through decades, even though times are changing now. The child had a challenging time in a world of misunderstanding and perception of what a human being is. Being part of a family is a fundamental part of society. Families faced with difficulties, such as poverty or inability of taking care of children, often sought help and different perception of life for them. Many children were either murdered or abandoned. Women often took that second part, they decided to abandon a child, so they often left them in visible places, so other people can find them. On the other hand, women also had a big tendency to commit infanticide. The church had a great deal in decreasing infanticide, making it a serious punishable crime but also in taking care of abandoned children. Records are showing more and more opening orphanages, from the early 13th century to the present time. Records from orphanages in Dubrovnik show us quite a numbers of death of children within just a few days. Orphanages or hospitals took care of the wards temporarily or permanently. But during this mortality was increased due to different reasons, such as high temperature or diarrhea, or only the inability of the child to survive the first days of life. Particular attention was given to Croatian writer Mavro Vetranović and his poem Pjesanca spurjanom. He dedicated this poem to illegitimate children whom he considered to be made by the devil himself. After some time, in the 18th century, child and childhood gain a significant understanding, only to make a child in the 20th and the 21st century, most loving person in the family.