| Sažetak | Disertacija je podijeljena u dva dijela. U prvom poglavlju prvog, uvodnog dijela služeći se relevantnim studijama autorica smješta djelo De Trinitate Hilarija iz Poitiersa u kontekst arijanske kontroverzije pedesetih godina IV. stoljeća pri čemu se razviđa kako je njegov nastanak neposredno potaknut “blasfemnom” vjeroispoviješću sinode u Sirmiju 357. godine, te da je prvotni cilj De Trinitate pobijanje arijanskoga nauka izlaganjem vjere Crkve. U drugom poglavlju autorica na temelju recentnih studija prikazuje kronologiju i strukturu nastanka djela i Hilarijevu teološku metodu. U Drugom, središnjem dijelu rada autorica rekonstruira, analizira i sustavno prikazuje nauk o utjelovljenju – njegovu narav, svrhu i učinke – na temelju dogmatsko-polemičkog Hilarijevog djela De Trinitate, polazeći od neposrednog povijesno-teološkog konteksta. U prvom poglavlju autorica kao primarne Hilarijeve oponente u polemici vezanoj uz utjelovljenje identificira (homejske) arijance, dočim on također pobija nauke Fotina iz Sirmija i Marcela iz Ancire/sabelijanizam. U drugom poglavlju autorica utvrđuje da se prema Hilariju Sin Božji utjelovio uzevši od onoga što je čovjekovo jednu konkretnu i cjelovitu ljudsku narav – dušu i tijelo, kojoj je on sam jedino počélo. U ostalim poglavljima ovoga dijela rada autorica analizira Hilarijevo shvaćanje utjelovljenja s formalnog aspekta te potom nastoji utvrditi kako je Hilarije pojmio njegove učinke. Tako u trećem poglavlju autorica zaključuje kako je po Hilariju utjelovljenje rezultiralo jednim subjektom, naime da se sjedinjenje Sina Božjega i ljudske naravi ostvarilo u jednoj osobi, te da je neodijeljeno odnosno neodjeljivo za svu vječnost. U četvrtom poglavlju autorica pokazuje da je Isus Krist nakon utjelovljenja za Hilarija i Bog i čovjek. U petom poglavlju autorica utvrđuje da se po Hilariju sjedinjenje božanskog i ljudskog ostvarilo u božanskoj osobi Isusa Krista, koja je za Hilarija istovjetna preegzistentnoj osobi Sina Božjega. U šestom poglavlju autorica je pokazala da Hilarije eksplicitno tvrdi i dokazuje Kristovu opstojnost u dvije cjelovite i zbiljske naravi, božanskoj i ljudskoj, te ih jasno razlikuje uočavajući i razlikujući njihove vlastitosti i različita djelovanja kojima su one počéla. Božanska narav Isusa Krista, argumentira autorica, po Hilariju nije pretrpila nikakvoga umanjenja – promjene. Nakon utjelovljenja – koje je za njega kenoza, snishodljivost, ali nipošto gubitak po božansku narav – Krist, ostajući u božanskoj naravi, po Hilariju posjeduje i cjelovitu ljudsku narav – dušu i tijelo. Isusa Krista Hilarije, pokazuje autorica, prepoznaje kao pravoga Boga i “savršenoga” čovjeka. Zbog svojega počéla koje je u njemu samome Krist, po Hilariju, utvrđuje autorica, nije uzeo grešne mane naše naravi te je stoga, iako pravi čovjek, bezgrešan i nesagrješiv, izvan naše grešne/manjkave (uitiosa) slabosti i mana ljudskih trpnji (passionum). Prema Hilariju, stoga, valja reći – pokazuje autorica – da je Isus Krist rođen i u ljudskoj naravi i u sličnosti ljudskoj naravi, kao čovjek no i čovjeku sličan. Autorica na poslijetku utvrđuje da je za Hilarija ljudska narav Isusa Krista, iako prava ljudska, jedinstvena i iznad naše, te on zato nije podložan ograničenjima i nužnostima ljudske naravi, niti osjećaju bola/patnji. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | The dissertation is divided into two parts. In the First Chapter of the First, introductory Part the author has contextualised, by using the relevant studies, Hilary’s work De Trinitiate within the Arian controversy of the fifties of the fourth century. This shows that the ‘blasphemous’ creed of the synod in Sirmium in 357 was the immediate cause of the work’s appearance, while its main aim is to refute the Arian teaching by presenting the faith of the Church. In the Second Chapter the author presents, by using the recent studies, the chronology of and the structure according to which the work has been written, as well as Hilary’s theological method. In the Second, main Part of the thesis, the author tried to reconstruct, analyse, and systematically present Hilary’s doctrine on Incarnation – its nature, purpose, and effects – according to his work De Trinitate and starting with the work’s immediate historical-theological context. In the First Chapter of this part the author has identified (Homoian) Arians as Hilary’s primary polemical opponents as regards the teaching on the Incarnation, while he also engaged in refutation of Photinus of Sirmium and Marcellus of Ancyra (Sabellianism). In the Second Chapter of this part the author presents Hilary’s doctrine of Incarnation as the Son of God’s assumption of one concrete and complete human nature – that is, a soul and a body, to which the Son of God is the only and exclusive principle. In the remaining chapters of this part of the thesis the author analysed Hilary’s thought on Incarnation from the formal aspect while trying to establish its immediate effects. Therefore, in the Third, main Chapter of this part, the author concludes that according to Hilary the Incarnation resulted in one subject, that is, that the unification of the Son of God and a human nature happened in one person and is, hence, undivided and inseparable for eternity. In the Fourth Chapter the author presents Jesus Christ as – according to Hilary – at once, incarnated God and a human being. In the Fifth Chapter the author establishes that Hilary argues that unification of the Divine and the human happened in the Divine person of Jesus Christ and that this person is the same as the pre-existent person of the Son of God. In the Sixth Chapter the author has shown that Hilary explicitly argues for and proves Christ’s existence in the two complete and real natures, the Divine and the human. These two are clearly distinguished in Hilary’s thought, which is evident from their traits and their distinctive activities that proceed from these traits. It is shown that the Divine nature has not suffered any diminishment or change. After the Incarnation – which is seen by Hilary as kenosis, but not as a diminishment of his Divine nature – and while being in the Divine nature, Christ assumed the human nature – a soul and a body. Christ is for Hilary, the author claims, the true God and the ‘perfect’ human being. Because of his source that remains in him, Christ did not assume the sinful flaws of our nature. Therefore, he is, although a true human being, sinless and flawless, that is, beyond our sinful/wanting (uitiosa) weakness and flaws of human passions (passionum). Hilary will, hence, state that Christ has been born with a human nature and in similarity to the human nature, as a human being and as similar to the human being. This means that his human nature is, although truly human, also unique and beyond ours and, therefore, not subjected to limitations and necessities of the human nature nor the feeling of suffering/pain. |
