Spiritual atheism is recently becoming more prominent in the public discourse, thus bringing a new paradigm in living spiritually. This tendency, developed as part of the philosophy adopted by certain authors, results in emphasizing anthropology and humanism which bring forward the protection of human spirit against the illusions brought by religion and faith in God. One of these authors is a famous French philosopher and atheist André ComteSponville. Among his works we especially single out the book The Spirit of Atheism. In the Introduction to Spirituality without God, he addresses three major questions: Can we get rid of religion? Does God exist? and What type of spirituality for atheists is there? His version of atheism has a stamp of Christianity he was raised in, which makes him loyal to Christian values such as morality, mercy and love. On the other hand, he puts unfaith above faith, despair above hope, explaining that faith and hope alienate a person from their true self and the present life. He presents six arguments why he doesn’t believe in the existence of God and why he believes that God does not exist. This is the basis for the spirituality he is trying to build, the spirituality that would fit anyone regardless of their religious beliefs. In the process, he relies on Christian values and Buddhist philosophy of spiritual life. This doctoral thesis is divided into two main parts. The first part, Philosophical Concept of Spirituality without God by André Comte-Sponville, is an interpretative and analytical presentation of spirituality without God according to Comte-Sponville. The second part, Theological and Critical Interpretation of Spirituality without God, is a theological and critical reflection on the same topic. It is our aim to present and theologically and critically examine the basis on which Comte-Sponville is building this spirituality – the life of the spirit, free from religion and free from God. Accordingly, this thesis comprises eight chapters throughout these two parts. After the introduction and a short biography of the author, the first chapter, Introduction into the Understanding of Spiritual Atheism, leads us into the topic of »spiritual atheism« by examining the tradition and the authors this type of atheism is based on and the framework of ideas it originates from. This chapter also puts an emphasis on the distinctiveness of »spiritual atheism« which, although deriving from the traditional understanding of atheism, brings up a new point of view to understanding the world and human beings. The phrase “spiritual atheism” includes the interpretation of the Comte-Sponville atheism; through his form of atheism, he tries to develop the idea of spirituality without God and religion and within this framework of ideas he offers a possible understanding of the world and human beings. The second chapter of our analytical presentation, Essential Ideas of Spiritual Atheism within the Arguments for the Existence of God, has a goal to present the arguments for God’s existence. Comte-Sponville presents six arguments that corroborate his version of atheism in the positive and negative meaning of the word. After these arguments, in the third chapter, Essential Ideas of Spiritual Atheism of André Comte-Sponville in Three Theological Virtues, he presents his personal interpretation of theological virtues which includes man’s relationship with God. The essential ideas of his version of atheism can be recognized in his understanding of faith, hope and charity. The fourth chapter, Spirituality of Spiritual Atheism, is an analytical presentation of spirituality without religion and without God, presented primarily as an idea and then as a possible practice. Spirituality that aims to be free of religion and God is a strong critique of an attempt to identify spirituality and religion. The fifth chapter, Theological and Critical Approach to André Comte-Sponville’s Negative Atheism, is the beginning of the second part of this thesis. By using a theological and critical approach, we deal with the first three arguments that, according to Comte-Sponville, justify his atheism in its negative meaning. These are: the first argument – Ontological, cosmological and physiotheological; the second argument – Weakness of experience of God; the third argument – Incomprehensible explanation. The sixth chapter, Theological and Critical Approach to André Comte-Sponville’s Positive Atheism, addresses the other three arguments which, according to Comte-Sponville, justify his positive atheism. These are: the fourth argument – Excessiveness of evil; the fifth argument – Mediocrity of man; the sixth argument – Desire and illusion. The fifth and the sixth chapters are a thorough study of these arguments and an unavoidable historic elaboration of these questions. They also offer the interpretation given by Comte-Sponville himself. In the seventh chapter, Theological and Critical Reading of the Interpretation of Theological Virtues by André Comte-Sponville, we use (as suggested by the title) a theological and critical method of studying and examining the interpretation of theological virtues, faith, hope and charity. The wisdom of Comte-Sponville that is based on faithfulness and despair as opposed to faith and hope proves to be a great challenge for the theological understanding of these virtues. By accepting this challenge, we aim to examine if his critique of faith and hope is justifiable, both as a critique and as a basis for spirituality without God. The eighth chapter, and last, Theological and Critical Approach to Spirituality without God, presents, using a theological and critical method, a reflection on the matters of spirit and spirituality concerning the questions of the source and confluence of spirit. This is the real objective of the research and a subject to a theological and critical evaluation regarding the basis for the spirituality without God. This concise overview indicates the complexity of the matter and the challenge it represents to theology. The arguments for the existence of God are not the source of faith, but its rational justification. This is the theory we will defend in this thesis. Also, theological virtues find their inspiration in the Revelation which demonstrates a believer’s relationship with God. This is also a key to their understanding, as it does not represent alienation for the individual which we try to prove through Comte-Sponville’s critique. This challenge is gladly accepted as an opportunity for dialogue and mutual examination of the meaning of spirit and spirituality in the context of our topics.