From the very beginning, human fertility and birth have been important personal and social values, but also tasks that concern every married couple. Throughout history, they have been misunderstood and misinterpreted. These are precisely the topics that have caused sharp disagreements in the life of the Church. Church debates have always been divided into two parts, the so-called the attitude of the majority and the minority, to the attitude of those who agreed with the traditional teachings of the Catholic Church and those who wanted change by considering the teaching of the Church obsolete and meaningless. Disagreements mainly concerned methods of birth control and their use. These divisions into majority and minority attitudes and heated debates continue to this day. In order to better and more comprehensively understand the meaning and relevance of the principle of responsible birth, we divide the work into three parts. In the first part, we will briefly and in general terms present the understanding, meaning and meaning of fertility and birth throughout history. In the second part we will talk about the principle of responsible birth, its structure, the attitude of the Church and the possibility of applying responsible birth in some life situations of a married couple. In the third part of the paper we will present some of the morally acceptable and morally unacceptable methods of birth control and analyze the most common pastoral issues related to responsible birth aware of the fact that due to the presence of various methods and the need for confession due to certain methods this topic will be present in the distant future.