When aiming at long distance targets a shooter who operates a sniper system, especially of a larger calibre type like .338 Lapua Magnum, combines and makes use of all options available and applies his knowledge from the field of shooting. Many shooters have come to believe that only a sniper who first learned to shoot with an air rifle, proceeded to a small calibre weapon and then to a large calibre rifle with mechanical scope meets the preconditions requisite to apply the know-how and skills thus acquired to the operation of a sniper system (sniper rifle + optical scope carrier + optical scope), and become a successful sniper. Such experience is necessitated by the nature of long distance targeting, sometimes in excess of 1,500 meters, where shooters face a number of challenges. Long distances imply taking into account a greater number of parameters (influence of exogenous factors, mainly atmospheric) that affect shot processing and the trajectory of the bullet fired: from gravity, air resistance, wind, mirage (warm air vibration), intensity of light, air temperature, air pressure, precipitation. Some of these parameters, such as wind, have greater effect (depending on their current intensity), while others, though of lesser impact, must still not be disregarded. When processing a shot, the shooter must recognize the conditions at the shooting range and the extent to which they affect himself, the sniper system and the bullet’s trajectory. The first part of the paper outlines the components of the sniper system, ammunition, parameters affecting the shooter and the sniper shot. The second part describes how to take advantage of the conditions at the shooting range and compensate for all the factors that could affect the correct performance of a precisely executed shot.